Industrial revolution started in Britain in 1780s. It spread in England, Europe and North America and all around the world. This period included going from hand to machine power, new chemical manufacturing machines and iron production processes. In this period, canal, road and rails were built. Textiles was the most important industry for employment in this period. Agricultural revolution was also started in this period.
Mass of iron and steel structure built in this period like iron bridge station, iron railroad station, iron market place. They invented building material like wrought iron, cast iron, steel and glass. New chemical manufacturing and iron production process were improved in this period. Iron bridge station, Eiffel tower, Crystal Place, Birmingham new street station was also built in this period.
Many inventions took place in this period like the motorwagen in 1888 by Carl Benz, Quad bike by Henry Ford, kodak pocket camera.
Steam engine invented by James Watt in 1785, bikes are also built in this period in 1885, toilet bowls and many more.
Thomas Edison invented light bulb in this period. He spent 18 months, 1200 experiments and $40,000 to make first commercial incandescent light bulb. Sewing machine was invented in 1790 by English inventor Thomas Saint.
Britain had made around 75% of their profit through farming in this period but in winter they can't work in field so, they started working with wool for making clothes and this give birth to cottage industry. Women were engaged in many aspects of industry and agriculture and they have to work forcefully and with low wage rates.and this gave birth to Capitalism.
Increase in industries and production houses also lead to increase in pollution which is still a big issue for our present environment. Child labour existed before the Industrial Revolution but with the increase in population and education it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders, 10–20% of an adult male's wage. Children as young as four were employed. Beatings and long hours were common, with some child coal miners and hurriers working from 4 am until 5 pm.
I have created a design scheme for reading area based on industrial revolution. All the materials are locally sourced from NZ.
Information Sourced:
wikipediahttps://www.slideshare.net/sahilkaundal92/industrial-revolution-architectural
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